Monkey brains made younger, thanks to modified longevity stem cells

Researchers prevented aging by increasing the longevity gene FOXO3 in human mesenchymal progenitor cells, a type of stem cell. In 44 week-old cynomolgus monkeys, these improved cells improved memory, retained brain structure, and reduced molecular signs of neurodegeneration. ^[1]

FOXO3 is known as a “longevity gene,” and it is lately considered as an extending factor of lifespan and healthspan in animals ^[2] and human.

In this study, monkeys performed better on memory tests than their untreated peers. Scans showed thicker brain regions and improved structural connectivity.

Why It Matters

Single-cell analyses showed that various hippocampal (memory-related) cell types appeared 2.5 years "younger" on average according to epigenetic clocks at the molecular level. Compared to control animals, the biological age determined by gene expression clocks decreased by approx. 0.9 years across numerous tissues - a notable reversal in the context of aging.

These particular stem cells also reduced inflammation outside the brain.

Inflammatory markers were reduced in the monkeys' blood and spinal fluid. Their immune cells showed more youthful gene expression.

The modified stem cells produce exosomes, which are tiny vesicles that send signals to promote regeneration. When tested on human cells and mice, exosomes produced more youthful behavior at the molecular level and decreased aging markers.

Bottom Line

This study is still in its early phases, and an extra research is still needed to understand long-term safety factors for humans. It's a notable proof of concept, and manipulated "super" stem cells may eventually be able to slow or reverse significant aspects of human brain aging.